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Charles Jerome Ware, Attorneys & Counselors, LLC, is a premier Maryland-based nationally-respected and highly-regarded drunk driving defense law firm. For an initial courtesy consultation, call us at (410) 730-5016 or (410) 720-6129.
DISTRIBUTION AND BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION (BAC)
Once alcohol is absorbed, it is distributed throughout the body by way of the bloodstream. "Blood Alcohol Level" (BAL) is measured by the "Blood Alcohol Concentration" (BAC) or the amount of alcohol in the bloodstream. It is measured in milligrams of alcohol per 100 milliliters of blood or milligrams percent. A BAC of .10% means a concentration of 1 drop of alcohol per 1,000 drops of blood.
When alcohol is in the blood, a certain percentage of it that passes through the lungs is exhaled. Because this percentage is relatively constant, BAC can be determined by simply measuring the amount of alcohol in the exhaled air. Breathalyzers work by measuring the concentration of alcohol in the breath exhaled from the lungs.
It is important for clients to realize that the absorption, distribution and the elimination of alcohol are happening at the same time.
EFFECTS ON THE BODY AND MIND
What are the effects of alcohol on the body and on the mind? The central nervous system is the primary target of alcohol. In the functional areas of sensation, perception, judgment and motor functions, alcohol produces various effects. Sensation, our ability to smell and taste, can be enhanced when alcohol is consumed in small quantities. Vision and hearing are affected adversely. Our reaction to things we see and hear is decreased as more beverage alcohol is consumed. Our perception, or the way information is processed in the brain, also changes. Mental processes, such as inhibitions, reasoning ability and judgment, are decreased, along with motor functions like the ability to stand up straight, to walk, run and even to pick up a glass.
The initial reaction to a drink of alcohol is stimulation - it is a "pick-me-up". However, this effect does not last long. The stimulation quickly yields a calming effect. Additional alcohol produces depression, which is intensified as more and more alcohol is consumed. Alcohol acts primarily as an anesthetic and it is classified as a depressant.
THE BRAIN
The brain is affected in a very orderly fashion. The cortex of the brain is the most sensitive and is affected first. This area is responsible for our inhibitions, thinking reasoning, and decision-making. Second, the cerebellum is affected. The cerebellum is responsible for the posture, motor control and coordination. Third, the limbic system, which is responsible for emotions, is affected by alcohol consumption. Finally, with a great deal of alcohol, the brain stem is affected. This lower part of the brain is the most primitive area and is responsible for all of the autonomic functions, such as heartbeat and respiration.
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